ABO Blood Grouping and Rh Factor in Humans

Introduction
The ABO system of blood group was introduced by Landsteiner in 1900. He found 2 types of antigens present on the RBCs. They are antigen A and antigen B. Similarly, there are 2 types of antibodies present in the plasma called antibody A and B. Based on the presence or absence of antigen and antibodies, human blood is classified into 4 groups A, B, AB, and O. The A group contains antigen A and antibody B. The B group contains antigen B and antibody A. The AB group contains both antigens A and B and no antibodies. The O group contains no antigen and both antibodies A and B. The ABO blood group is inherited by a set of multiple alleles. Presence of a particular factor is denoted by Rh factor discovered by Weiner from the rabbits immunized with the blood of the Macaca rhesus monkey.

Materials
  • Blood sample
  • Applicator sticks
  • Antisera A,B, and Rh
  • Glass slide
  • Cotton
  • Spirit and disposable needles
Procedure
  1. Clean a glass slide thoroughly.
  2. Place a drop of antiserum A on the left side, antiserum B on the right side,
    and antiserum D at the center of the slide.
  3. Clean the tip of the index finger with cotton soaked in spirit.
  4. Prick the finger tip with the help of a sharp, sterilized disposable needle.
  5. Place 3 drops of blood near the antisera.
  6. Mix the blood and antiserum using application sticks.
Result
Observe your experimental result.

Conclusion
Draw conclusions based on your result.

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