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Environmental pathogens

This organism is widespread in the environment, but rare in the flora of healthy individuals. Its carriage increases with hospitalization.

Prokaryotic DNA polymerases

Three different prokaryotic DNA polymerases are known, of which DNA polymerases I and II are meant for DNA repair and DNA polymerase IN is meant for actual DNA replication

Distribution of Life on Earth

The biosphere as usually defined is the thin outer layer of the earth capable of supporting life. It is probably best viewed as a global system that includes all life on earth and the physical environments in which living organisms exist and interact.

Evolution of Nervous Systems

Bilateral nervous systems, the simplest of which occur in flatworms, represent a distinct increase in complexity over the nerve net of radiate animals.

Kingdom Plantae

Plants appeared on land about 425 million years ago and the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom reflects increasing adaptation to the terrestrial environment. Plants have organs and organ systems.

Bacteriophages

A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Like all viruses, phages are obligate intracellular parasites, devoid of protein synthesizing machinery and energy conversion systems.

Column Chromatography

Column chromatography is one of many forms of chromatography. Others include paper, thin-layer, gas, and HPLC. Most forms of chromatography use a 2-phase system to separate substances on the basis of some physical-chemical property.

Trees

A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance.

Terrestrial Environments Biomes

A biome is a major biotic unit bearing a characteristic and easily recognized array of plant life. Botanists long ago recognized that the terrestrial environment of the earth could be divided into large units having a distinctive vegetation, such as fores

Recombinant DNA Technology

Discoveries in molecular biology have allowed scientists to duplicate natural genetic transfer phenomena in the laboratory and to develop methods to introduce almost any type of genetic information into an organism.

Atomic spectroscopy

Atoms of certain metals will absorb and emit radiation of specific wavelengths when heated in a flame, in direct proportion to the number of atoms present.

Macronutrients - Nitrogen

Discovery of the essentiality of nitrogen is often credited to de Saussure (1-3), who in 1804 recognized that nitrogen was a vital constituent of plants, and that nitrogen was obtained mainly from the soil.

Herbarium

In botany, a herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in alcohol or other preser

Protein Synthesis

Protiens are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds (proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides). The number and order of the amino acids contained in a particular protein are prescribed by the DNA sequence of that protein?s gene.

Plant Life Cycle

Among all living organisms, flowers, which are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, are the most varied physically and show the greatest diversity in methods of reproduction of all biological systems.

Structural bioinformatics

Structural bioinformatics is concerned with computational approaches to predict and analyse the spatial structure of proteins and nucleic acids.