Vertebrate Endocrine Glands and Hormones

Vertebrate Endocrine Glands and Hormones
In the remainder of this section we describe some of the best understood and most important of vertebrate hormones. While the following discussion is limited principally to a brief overview of mammalian hormonal mechanisms (since laboratory mammals and humans have always been the objects of the most intensive research), we will point out some important differences in functional roles of hormones among different vertebrate groups.

chemical coordination, mechanisms of hormone action, membrane bound receptors and the second messenger concept, nuclear receptors, invertebrate hormones, vertebrate endocrine glands and hormones, hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, hypothalamus and neurosecretion, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, pineal gland, brain neuropeptides, prostaglandins and cytokines, hormones of metabolism, thyroid hormones, hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism, hormones of the adrenal cortex, hormones of the adrenal medulla, insulin and glucagon from islet cells of the pancreas, growth hormone and metabolism, the newest hormone leptin

Figure 36-6 Relationship of hypothalamic, pituitary,
and target-gland hormones. The hormone sequence controlling
the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex is used as an example.