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Mutations are heritable changes in the genetic material that give rise to alternative forms of any gene. These alternate forms are called alleles. There are two broad types of mutations, those that affect the gene and those that affect whole chromosomes (
Alkaloids are classified according to the amino acid that provides both the nitrogen atom and the fundamental portion of the alkaloid skeleton, and these are discussed in turn.
Microalgae and macroalgae have been utilized by man for hundreds of years as food, fodder, remedies, and fertilizers. Ancient records show that people collected macroalgae for food as long as 500 B.C. in China and one thousand of years later in Europe.
Microorganisms isolated from different sources (soil, water and air) or genetic manipulation are cultured on growth media.
A tissue is a group of similar cells (together with associated cell products) specialized for the performance of a common function.
Most insects? tough exoskeletons protect their bodies from predators and from drying out. however, some insects?including young insects, such as caterpillars - have soft bodies. they benefit by adding an extra layer of protective armor.
Germplasm theory of Weismann was a very significant advancement in our understanding of heredity, since this was for the first time that a distinction between hereditary and environmental variations could be made on a sound basis.
In vertebrates, the actual tissue from which gonads arise appears in early development as a pair of genital ridges, growing into the coelom from the dorsal coelomic lining on each side of the hind-gut near the anterior end of the kidney (mesonephros).
This organism is widespread in the environment, but rare in the flora of healthy individuals. Its carriage increases with hospitalization.
Biotechnology can be seen as an imprecise term since the harnessing of any biological process could justifiably be called biotechnology.
The Chloroflexi (Chlorobacteria) are a class of bacteria that produce energy through photosynthesis. They make up the bulk of the filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs
Column chromatography is one of many forms of chromatography. Others include paper, thin-layer, gas, and HPLC. Most forms of chromatography use a 2-phase system to separate substances on the basis of some physical-chemical property.
Structural bioinformatics is concerned with computational approaches to predict and analyse the spatial structure of proteins and nucleic acids.
The most important areas of today's research which have potential economic value and prospects of commercialization are the cell and tissue culture based production of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, pharmaceutical drugs, cancer research, genetic manipul
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Like all viruses, phages are obligate intracellular parasites, devoid of protein synthesizing machinery and energy conversion systems.
Ameboid movement is a form of movement especially characteristic of amebas and other unicellular forms; it is also found in many wandering cells of metazoans, such as white blood cells, embryonic mesenchyme, and numerous other mobile cells that move throu
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